Tuesday, August 30, 2011

Basic concept of Domain name and webhosting for making website in internet


Domain Name

Whenever it comes to internet we can’t separate domain name from the internet. Whether to browse any website or to use email we use the domain name.  Therefore domain name is a unique identification that helps to create the path to open certain website.  The entire domain name in this world has IP address. IP address can be remembered by machine but it will be hard to remember for human brain. Therefore to minimize the complexity, every time we enter the domain name, the domain name will be converted into IP address and the website will be open.  Domain name has got certain extension. .com .net .org .biz  .edu etc. For registering the domain name we have to pay certain money yearly to the domain name provider.

Web hosting

Whenever we made a website it will be limited only into your computer. Like we need hard disk to store you files, images we need a web server to store our website and make it available to the world. Today’s there are many hosting company available that will host you website with full security and they will charge certain money of it. Webhosting is one of the most essential things if we are going to start new website or self hosted word press blog. If you want to start a blog at blogger or word press.We don’t need webhosting because blogger and wordpress.com host files at their server for free.  In computer the data will be stored in the hard disk likewise the data will be store in the web server in the hard disk. Therefore each upload of  file in the web space will be occupied like our hard disk stored with the numerous files. When other people try to access to website. Our file will be executive from the web server, therefore it consumes certain bandwidth.
Some basic terms in web designing
Diskspace:
Diskspace is the space that is being used to store website or blog. Nowadays most of the webhosting offers  unlimited disk space.  That means we can store as much as data in your hosting account. The amount of diskpace may vary from different hosting companies. The diskspace is measure in MB(mega byte) and GB (Giga byte) like on hard disk spaces.
Bandwidth:
The amount of data that passes through network at a given time is called bandwidth consumes by that website. Mostly bandwidth consumes by the website is measured monthly by various hosting company. Whenever we visit a website we are accessing bandwidth of that website because to view the website, The page that you are viewing should be first downloaded on your computer.  For example if you are trying to access this page until the whole image text of this page doesn’t get downloaded on the computer you will be unable to view this website. Whenever the user interacts to website the bandwidth of your website will be consumed. So how much bandwidth will be needed for  website or blog?  Well the answer is simple it depends upon the traffic of your website. For example if we have 100 visitors per day on your  website the normal bandwidth of your website will be depend upon what the user do with your website. If the user starts viewing video that is being uploaded on your server it will consume more bandwidth if the user only interact with your website then the bandwidth will be small. If you have a large number of visitors in  website per day then you must need a good bandwidth. If the user are more than the capacity of the bandwidth of web server. Then the web server will be down therefore visitors can’t access your website. Now a day’s most of the hosting companies offer unlimited bandwidth to the users but it doesn’t mean that it will be able to enhance all the large traffic towards website. If traffic is large enough we should move blog or website towards dedicated server

Monday, August 29, 2011

Fundamental of Computer


Fundamental computer can be defined as electronic devices that can solve problems by accepting data, performing certain operations and presenting the result of those operations under the direction of detailed step-by-step information. It is totally user dependent devices too. It performs complex calculation at a very high speed.
Importance of Fundamental computer:
Fundamental computer is important because it gives information from all over the world which is available to anyone with a computer. Computer fundamental is used as networks and telecommunication too. Even political boundaries are challenged by fundamental of computer too. Fundamental of computer is important for shaking up our world. Fundamental computer or every size affects human life too. Due to fundamental computer human begins gets knowledge to prepare for working and living in a computerized society. Fundamental computer effects major technological revolution on both positive and negative too. So fundamental of computer is important all over the world and in human beings life too.
Evolution of fundamental computer:   
We will be amazed to know that this fundamental computer is sitting so closely on desk today. So it is the result of several hundreds of years of development. The computing evolution starts from the early civilization of 4000years ago. Evolution of fundamental computer means the gradual change in the concept over a long period of time and on too. So evolution of fundamental computer is very much important and essential for many years too.   
Types of fundamental of computer:
There are many types of fundamental of computer in the world. But there are three important computer mostly used in this science technology and human beings life too. They are given in following types or topics.
a} Digital computer:
Digital computer is important for fundamental of computer too. It can accept discrete data too. It counts digits which represent number or letters. They are mostly widely used types of computer. Fundamental of computer is based on binary digits i.e. 0 and 1 are called digital computer too.
b}Hybrid computer:
It is the combination of analog and digital computer. It has both features of digital and analog. It can do types of tasks of digit and analog too. It can do any types of tasks of digital and analog too. It is mostly used in scientific research, industrial, application, space craft and so on too.
c}Analog computer:
Analog computer measures continuous types of physical values such as temperature or pressure. We have seen many devices used as analog device. The accuracy of data used in an analog computer is directly related to the precision of its measurements.
Characteristics of fundamental computer:
Computer fundamental is intelligent that performs various operations in more faster, accurate and effective way. Thus it frees human to use their time in matters involving creativity and judgment. The characteristics possessed by computer fundamental can be listed as follows:
a} Speed of computer:
Computer fundamental can work at a very high speed. Time taken by the computer fundamental to execute instruction is very fast. Computer fundamental takes a few micro/nano second to execute an operation. The processing speed of computer fundamental can also be measured in megahertz.
b}Accuracy:
Though computer fundamental does its work with a very high speed, it does not make any mistake unless the user gives a wrong instruction. Computer fundamental are 100% accurate. This is also called GIGO (Garbage In Garbage Out) storage capacity
c}Storage capacity:
.Computer fundamental can store very large volume of data that can be used in the future by help of secondary storage device like; floppy disk, hard disk, compact disk, etc.





Computer Networking & Internet




Computer networking management means different things to different people. In some cases, it involves a solitary network consultant monitoring network activity with an outdated protocol analyzer. In other cases, computer networking management involves a distributed database, auto polling of network devices and change traffic of network topology. Computer networking management is a service that employs a variety of tools, application and devices to assist human network in monitoring and maintain networks.
Computer networking architecture uses the same basis structure and set of relationship. Computer networking architecture management entities can also poll and stations to check the values of certain variables. Simple networking management protocol  and common management information protocol  are also including.
Computer networking management tools has contributed a great deal to network standardization. Its network management model is the primary means for understanding major functions of networking management system.
The goal of performance management is to measure and make available various aspects of networking performance, so that internet work performance can be maintained at an acceptable level. Performance management involves to gathered varieties of networking administration too. Networking management entities continually monitor performance variables. Performance networking management also permits proactive methods.
The goal of configuration networking management of computer is to monitor network and system configuration information, so that the effects a network operation of various versions of hardware and software elements can be tracked and management. Each network device has a variety of version information associated with it too.
Accounting management also include in computer networking management. Such regulation minimize network problems and maximizes the fairness of network across a;; users. Some correction of course, will be required to reach optimal across practices.
Fault networking management is also detect, log, notify users of load automatically fixed problems to keep network running. It involves first determining systems and isolating the problems.
Security networking management is to control access to network resources according to local guides, so networking cannot be sabotaged. It performs several functions in computer networking management. It monitors access points to sensitive too.
Computer networking software that manages resources on network is often called network operating system (NOS). Some popular networking operating systems are Microsoft windows 2000, Novell networking operating system, Windows server 2000 and so no.
Important of computer networking is can easily and legally share information with other computer. Computer on networking access devices like printer and other connected peripherals. It facilitates backup. Security is also helpful for not providing unauthorized access.
Computer networking with good communication capacity, with sufficient memory, process capacity and NIC (Network Interface Card/Network Card). Data communication also needed in computer networking use of computer networking technology and networking protocol also uses too.
Gateway used in computer networking for large entity too. It is joined together by a high speed link. Gateway is a computer networking management point that acts as to another network too.
Direct connection a dedicated phone line is used for computer networking management too. It can operate kb per second too. It required router which automatically handle connection of computer networking management.
Frame transmission receives a transmits frame request with the accompanying address and data information from layer of LLC sub layer. Frame is assembled, actual frame transmission will depend on whether the MAC is operating in half-duplex and full duplex method.
System consideration might see that it would be no problem to upgrade an existing computer networking management or to plan a new computer networking management. The problem is two fold.
Aompus disturber is also important in computer networking management system. It facility with two or more building in a relatively small area. This control point of the computer backbone and telecom connection point with the outside world.
   
       The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW). 


COMMON USE OF INTERNET 


[1]E-mail 
The concept of sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or memos predates the creation of the Internet. Even today it can be important to distinguish between Internet and internal e-mail systems. Internet e-mail may travel and be stored unencrypted on many other networks and machines out of both the sender's and the recipient's control. During this time it is quite possible for the content to be read and even tampered with by third parties, if anyone considers it important enough. Purely internal or intranet mail systems, where the information never leaves the corporate or organization's network, are much more secure, although in any organization there will be IT and other personnel whose job may involve monitoring, and occasionally accessing.
[2]TheWorldWideWeb

The World Wide Web is a huge set of interlinked documents, images and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. These hyperlinks and URLs allow the web-servers and other machines that store originals, and cached copies, of these resources to deliver them as required using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTP is only one of the communication protocols used on the Internet. 
Web services also use HTTP to allow software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data. Software products that can access the resources of the Web are correctly termed user agents. In normal use, web browsers, such as Internet Explorer and Firefox access web pages and allow users to navigate from one to another via hyperlinks. Web documents may contain almost any combination of computer data including photographs, graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content including games, office applications and scientific demonstrations.
[3] File sharing 
Computer file can be e-mailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to a Web site or FTP server for easy download by others. In any of these cases, access to the file may be controlled by user authentication; the transit of the file over the Internet may be obscured by encryption and money may change hands before or after access to the file is given. The price can be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example a credit card whose details are also passed—hopefully fully encrypted—across the Internet.

[4]Marketing 
The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the Internet, also known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread information to a vast amount of people simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently revolutionized shopping—for example; a person can order a CD online and receive it in the mail within a couple of days, or download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a company to market a product to a specific person or a specific group of people more so than any other advertising
Examples of personalized marketing include online communities such as MySpace, Friendster, Orkut, Facebook and others which thousands of Internet users join to advertise themselves and make friends online. Many of these users are young teens and adolescents ranging from 13 to 25 years old. In turn, when they advertise themselves they advertise interests and hobbies, which online marketing companies can use as information as to what those users will purchase online, and advertise their own companies' produce these types.
Today’s internet
The Internet is a worldwide, publicly accessible series of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It is a "network of networks" that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as electronic mail, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other resources of the World Wide Web (WWW).